Hair waving apparatus



Feb. 20, 1934. G E KER 1,948,467

HAIP. WAVING APPARATUS Filed May l2, 1931 Patented Feb. 20, 1934 PATENT OFFICE 1,948,467 nAm WAVING APPARATUS George Decker, Cleveland, Ohio, assignor to The Philad Company, Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application May 12, 1931. Serial No. 538,745

12 Claims. (01. 132-46) This invention relates to hair waving apparatus and is particularly adapted to the so-called permanent waving" of hair upon the human head by what is generally known as the Croquignole method.

In this method of waving the hair, the hair is wound from its ends toward the scalp in a plurality of flat strands, each filament of hair being wound into a substantially true mathematical spiral one turn over another, in contra-distinction to the older type of winding the hair, in which the hair was wound from the scalp toward the ends in small round bunches, the shape of these filaments being substantially helixes.

In performing this Croquignole operation, it is necessary to divide the hair into fiat strands, grip each strand adjacent the wearers head in some type of a clamp, wind the hair from its ends to the clamp upon a rod, then enclose the wound strand, together with moisture, in a suitable cover, and apply heat to a degree sufficient to vaporize the moisture and cause it to penetrate the strand.

An object of the present invention is to provide improved means for holding the strand during winding and heating.

Another object is to provide an improved means for retaining moisture about a flat strand during heating. I

Another object is to provide an improved apparatus which will permit the curl to be made very close to the scalp of the wearer.

Other objects will hereinafter appear.

The invention will be better understood from the description of one practical embodiment thereof illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in

which; 7

Figure l is a perspective view of the parts of one embodiment of the invention shown in disassembled relation;

Figure 2 is an end view of the parts in assembled position;

Figure 3 is a central longitudinal section taken on the line'IIL-III of Figure 2; and

Figure 4 is a cross-section taken on the line IV-IV of Figure 3 and also showing the position of a heater applied to the parts shown in the other figures.

The apparatus shown consists of a protector clamp having two elongated arms 1 and 2 pivoted together at one end by a rivet 3, and arranged to be clamped in substantially parallel relation by means of a latching mechanism consisting of links 4 and an eccentric or cam latch 5 at the other end. The bars are shown as channel-shaped in cross-section, and retained within the adjacent hook-shaped lugs 10 for retaining one edge of a cover to'be later described, and upon the upper surface of the other arm is a catch 11 provided with an actuating handle 12, and pivoted to the 7 arm by means of a rivet 13 or the like.

The curler rod is in general of a shape which has been used for sometime in the Croquignole process of waving, being substantially the shape of thehyperboloid of revolution, having cylindrical ends 14 and 15 in one of which (14) a plurality of slots are provided to serve as a ratchet. Extending from about the center of the rod to the other end is'a groove 16 through which a strand of hair may pass to the exterior of .the waving device. A tongue '1'? is pivoted to the rod to hold the hair at the beginning of the winding operation.

A cover consisting of two arcuate or particylindrical sections 18 and 19 having flanged ends 20 is provided to be placed over the rod and strand of hair wound thereon. The sections of this cover are hinged together along one edge of each, and one 18 of the sections is provided on its free edge with a nearly circular flange 21 which provides a retaining slot 22 for the edge 23 of a pad 24. The free end of the other section is provided with an outwardly extending flange 25 which may be engaged by the latch 11 on the clamp, while the exterior of the circular flange fits within the hook-shaped lugs 10, and by these lugs and latch the entire cover is firmly retained in place.

The flanges at the ends of the cover sections substantially close the space between the sides of the sections and the ends of the rod. Secured to one of the cover sections is a spring or pawl 26 provided with a detent 27 arranged to engage the slots in the rod. The pad 24 is such for instance as is shown in the patent to Phil. D.

Spaeth, Jr. No. 1,746,018 and may be very conveniently attached to the cover by having its thickened edge slid into the slot 22 in the arm.

The operation of the device is as follows: The. operator having divided the hair of the subject, each strand is clamped closely adjacent the scalp by one of the clamps above described, a shield being inserted between the clamp and scalp.

The operator next takes the strand, and if the hair is very long, places an intermediate portion of the strand in the slot 16 in the rod, so that the ends extend therebeyond. If the hair is not so long, the ends of the strand are placed upon the rod and held in position by the tongue 17 pivoted thereon. Next the rod is rotated about its axis to wind the hair, constantly maintaining some tension upon it until it has been brought substantially upon the upper surface of the clamp.

Previously a pad has been inserted within the cover halves and moistened with a treating solution. The cover is now placed over the wound strand and rod with flange 21 engaging the hooked lugs 10, the cover is closed, latch 11 is rotated to lock flange 25 in position and the rod rotated as much as is necessary to maintain the proper tension, the pawl engaging the appropriate slot to hold it in this position. After this, a heater 28, such for instance as shown in my prior application Serial No. 347,779, filed March 18, 1929, is placed over the shell, the heating sections bearing upon the outer surface thereof throughout the majority of their extent, and current supplied to the heater to impart the desired wave. While the type of heater above referred to operates very satisfactorily with the protecting clamp, cover and rod above shown, it will be obvious that the heater sections might be permanently attached to the cover sections, and the handles of the heater dispensed with; or that a heater of any other type, such as a single arcuate heater section, might be fitted over the cover; or that a heating element might be inserted within the curler rod. When the heating has been completed, the parts are removed and the hair dressed in the usual or any desired manner.

The cover above described forms, together with the rod, a closed annular steaming chamber about the wound strand of hair, the cover distributing the heat by conduction uniformly about the strand, and so preventing any excessive temperatures at any one place. The pad prevents the strand from contacting with the cover and causes the heat first applied to be expanded in vaporizing the moisture, which moisture may readily penetrate throughout the strand. The vapor is prevented from readily leaking from the enclosed space, the joints being however sufliciently loosely made to offer ample venting, so that no excessive pressure will be built up within the casing.

While I have described the illustrated embodiment of my invention in some particularity, ob-

, viously many others will readily occur to those skilled in this art, and I do not therefore limit myself to the precise details shown and described, but claim as my invention all embodiments, variations and modifications coming within the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. Hair waving apparatus comprising a protector clamp for engaging a flat strand of hair adjacent the scalp of a wearer, a rod upon which said strand may be wound from adjacent its ends to said clamp, a separate articulated shell arranged to be positioned about said wound strand,

tector clamp for engaging a fiat strand of hair to said clamp, an articulated shell arranged to be positioned about said wound strand, means carried by the clamp for clamping the sections of the shell together, and means carried by one of the sections on said shell for retaining an absorbent pad in a position lining the interior of the shell. v

4. Hair waving apparatus comprising a shell composed of arcuate sections of a single thickness of metal articulated together, a curler rod upon which a strand of hair may be wound and adapted to be surrounded by said shell, the ends of the sections being provided with inwardly directed flanges arranged to embrace the rod adjacent its ends when the shell is closed, a ratchet on said rod, and a pawl on one of said sections.

5. Hair waving apparatus comprising a rod having a generally hyperboloid of revolution shape, and an axially extending groove on one side thereof.

6. Hair waving apparatus comprising a substantially cylindrical shell, flanges defining a longitudinally extending slot therein, one of said flanges being formed to provide a groove for retaining the edge of a pad.

7. Hair waving apparatus comprising a substantially cylindrical sectional shell, flanges defining a longitudinally extending slot therethrough, one of said flanges being formed to provide a groove for retaining the edge of a pad, and inwardly directed flanges at the ends of said sections adapted to substantially close upon the ends of a curler rod when positioned coaxially with said shell.

8. Hair waving apparatus comprising a substantially cylindrical sectional shell, flanges definingv a longitudinally extending slot there-.

through, one of said flanges being formed to provide a groove for retaining the edge of a pad, the pad overlying both flanges and preventing the shell from contacting hair passing through the slot defined by said flange, and inwardly directed flanges at the ends of said sections adapt-,

ed to substantially close upon the ends of a curler rod when positioned coaxially with said shell.

9. Hair waving apparatus comprising a curler rod upon which a strand of hair may be wound, a sectional shell the walls of which are of a single thickness of metal and adapted to surround said rod and strand, clamping arms arranged to grip the strand of hair between the rod and the scalp of the wearer, and connecting means retaining the sections of the shell upon the arms.

10. Hair waving apparatus comprising a curler rod upon which a strand of hair may be wound, a sectional shell the walls of which are of a single thickness of metal and adapted to surround said rod and strand, the ends of the sections being provided with inwardly directed flanges arranged to embrace the rod adjacent its ends when the shell is closed, clamping arms arranged to grip the strand of hair between the rod and scalp of the wearer, connecting means'retaining the sections of the shell upon the arms, and ratchet -mechanism between said rod and shell.

- 11. Hair waving apparatus comprising a curler rod upon which a strand of hair may be wound, a sectional shell the walls of which are of a single thickness of metal and adapted to surround said rod and strand, clamping arms arranged to grip the strand of hair between the rod and the scalp of the wearer, connecting means retaining the sections of the shell upon the arms, and ratchet mechanism between said rod and shell.

12. Hair waving apparatus comprising a curler GEORGE DECKER.

' CERTIFICATE or CORRECTION.

Patent No. l, 948, 467.

February 20, 1934.-

cronce DECKER.

It isvherehy certifietl that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 2, line 49, for "expanded" read expended; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the nine 'may conform to the record of the case in g the Patent Office.

(Seal) Signed and sealed this 3rd day of April, A. D. 1934.

l". Hopkins Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

